Geometry

Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

Fundamental Trigonometric Identities: Level 4 Challenges

Evaluate the sum

log cos 1 ( tan 1 ) + log cos 2 ( tan 2 ) + log cos 3 ( tan 3 ) + + log cos 44 ( tan 44 ) + log sin 45 ( tan 45 ) + log sin 46 ( tan 46 ) + + log sin 89 ( tan 89 ) . \begin{aligned} & \ \ \ \log_{\cos1}(\tan{1}) \\ &+\log_{\cos{2}}(\tan{2}) \\ &+ \log_{\cos{3}}(\tan{3}) \\& +\ldots \\ &+ \log_{\cos{44}} (\tan{44}) \\ &+ \log_{\sin{45}}(\tan{45}) \\ &+ \log_{\sin46}(\tan{46}) \\ &+\ldots \\ &+ \log_{\sin89}(\tan{89}). \end{aligned}

Note:All angles are in degrees, and be aware that the base changes from cos \cos to sin \sin .

( 7 cos x + 24 sin x ) ( 7 sin x 24 cos x ) \large (7\cos x+24\sin x)(7\sin x-24\cos x)

Find the maximum value of this expression over all real values x . x.


Hint:

If x x and y y are acute angles such that

sin x sin y = 1 2 , cos x cos y = 3 2 , \frac {\sin x}{\sin y } = \frac {1}{2}, \quad \frac {\cos x}{\cos y } = \frac 3 2 ,

what is tan 2 ( x + y ) ? \tan^2 (x+y)?

Define the function f ( x ) = 2 x 1 x 2 f(x)=\frac{2x}{1-x^2} . Find the number of distinctrealsolutions of the equation f ( 5 ) ( x ) = x . f^{(5)} (x) =x.

Details and assumptions

f ( n ) ( x ) f^{(n)} (x) denotes the function f f applied n n times. In particular, f ( 5 ) ( x ) = f ( f ( f ( f ( f ( x ) ) ) ) ) f^{(5)} (x) = f(f(f(f(f(x))))) .

Find cos 1 ˚ cos 2 ˚ + cos 2 ˚ cos 3 ˚ + + cos 88 ˚ cos 89 ˚ . \cos{1˚} \cos{2˚}+\cos{2˚} \cos{3˚}+ \cdots +\cos{88˚} \cos{89˚}.

Give your answer to two decimal places.

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